Generic Zetia

BABY AND CHILDHOOD DISORDERS OF THE EARS, NOSE AND THROAT: NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS)
Nosebleed is a common problem in childhood, and if heavy it is a frightening experience for mothers not accustomed to it. There are many causes. Picking and rubbing the nose head the list. This causes an abrasion in the walls of the nasal septum, the wall that divides one side of the nasal cavity from the other. This goes by the awful name Kiesselbach's area (how's that for a tongue-twister!). Getting the nose knocked or bumped may also cause a nosebleed, and school-day fights are still popular, I am told. Accidents and falls also occur often.
Colds and nasal infections, allergies, associated infections such as during measles and other simple childhood infectious diseases may all predispose to weakening of the nasal lining and possible nosebleed. Foreign bodies (that inevitable pea, peanut, bean or whatever) may also be the cause.
However, serious underlying causes should not be overlooked, and if the bleeds tend to recur, the doctor will check these out. Although relatively uncommon, tumours, haemophilia, leukaemia, purpura or blood vessel anomalies must be considered.
Treatment
If confronted with a sudden nasal haemorrhage, it is essential you do not panic. The child will not bleed to death, and there is usually no immediate imminent danger. Keep your cool. If you become fearful and frantic, you will only cause the child to become upset emotionally, raise his blood pressure and worsen the bleeding. A little blood goes a long, long way. A half-teaspoonful of blood in a bucket of water makes it all look red. Scattered about on towels and bedding, a little bit looks a frightful lot. If you are upset, ask a neighbour or friend in to help you.
Simple first aid usually works. Sit the patient up and apply eveny firm, prolonged pressure to the nose. Clamp the nose between your thumb and index finger for at least five to ten minutes. (Do not release it every few seconds to see if it has stopped.) It takes several minutes for the blood clotting mechanism to take effect, and the longer you leave it undisturbed the better. The majority of cases will stop with this simple procedure. Nose blowing, even though there is a high desire to do so, should be avoided for at least 24 hours.
Cold compresses to the child's forehead and neck help to make him or her feel more comfortable. They won't help the bleeding much, but they will cool the child off and reduce tension and anxiety. Give sips of cold water for the same reason. Speak words of encouragement and reassurance, telling the child the bleeding will soon stop.
If simple measures fail to stop it, a doctor's help may be needed. Packing the nose with cotton wool or a long piece of cotton bandage is occasionally but rarely needed. Sometimes an ear, nose and throat specialist may cauterise the bleeding point if it is apparent, and this is usually instantly and permanently curative. Other methods are also used by the doctors. Nosebleed rarely leads to serious problems in the future.
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General Health

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